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     Helical Piers are hydraulically twisted or turned into the soil much like a corkscrew. The piers contain one or more "flights" that pull the pier into the soil. These piers are screwed down until they reach soil that is thick enough to support the desired result. Since they are screwed in, they cannot be pushed or pulled out. They can be used to either support a structure or to keep a structure from coming away from the soil such as a retaining wall or a home on a hillside. These types of piers can also be used as pre-construction piers to prevent future foundation failure.

    HELICAL piers are typically used to support a structure and not to lift it. These types of piers are "turned" into the ground much like a corkscrew. Each pier has one or more "flights" that are like blades that do the pulling into the ground. These flights keep the pier in place after installed. The advantage of a helical pier is that is can be used on very light structures, unlike resistance piers, like a porch. However, to install a helical pier properly, a soils test should be performed by a geotechnical engineer to determine how far down the soil is sturdy enough to support the structure. After all, if you turn a helical into loose soil, it loses most of its holding strength.

     Helical piers are very useful in other applications such as tie-backs. Since they are screwed into the ground, and held in place with their flights, not only can they support downward pressure, but then can support an equal amount of outward force. In other words, they can hold things into the ground such as retaining walls. Helical piers are ideal in pre-construction applications. They are installed before the foundation is placed to prevent any future foundation settlement. Also, helical piers can be used in conjunction with resistance piers on hillside homes to lift the structure and keep in place on the hillside.

SOIL REPORTS

     The Geotechnical Soil Report, explains about the load bearing capacity of soil and rock, and the plasticity of different soils or clays. The report is intended to define the subsurface conditions and may provide geotechnical conclusions and recommendations for the foundation repair method to be used. Sometimes a Geotechnical Soil Report is necessary before a foundation repair can be performed or even quoted.

Generally the reports will contain some or all of the following information:

• A review of the geologic history and history of prior excavation and fills.
• A field reconnaissance of the site and vicinity.
• Scope of work done, investigative methods, sampling methods, logs of borings or test pits, elevations of borings or test pits for reference of materials and samples to finished grade or footing elevations, identify elevations.
• Location of all samples taken, surface and subsurface.
• Groundwater conditions and potential future natural and artificial seepage effects.
• Unified Soil Classifications of Materials.
• Material competency and strength of existing soils.
• Pertinent engineering geologic attributes (clayey, weak, loose, alignments, fissility, planar boundaries, pervious or water-bearing parts, susceptibility to mass wasting, erosion, piping, or compressibility).
• Bearing capacity and/or shear strength of sample areas.
• Consolidation or settlement potential.
• Expansion potential.

      If the bearing soils consist of expansive clays, foundation movement can occur if wetting and drying of the clays does not occur uniformly across the entire slab. Any of the following can cause moisture in the soil to fluctuate: Vegetation (roots), poor drainage, plumbing leaks, evaporation, wet/dry rain cycles. Slab-on-grade foundations depend upon the uppermost soil layers to provide sufficient bearing capacity to support the structure and keep the foundation stable. If the bearing soil was insufficiently compacted prior to construction, the foundation is subject to settlement as the supporting soil consolidates. Most professional foundation repair contractors will be able to help you identify the source of your foundation failure.

SYMPTOMS OF FOUNDATION FAILURE

     The signs of foundation failure do not become obvious until after there are serious problems with the foundation. The most obvious signs will be doors that do not close properly anymore, windows that stick and diagonal cracks in the interior and exterior walls.

     Less obvious symptoms are small cracks in the foundation or floor and uneven floors. Your foundation repair contractor should be able to point out all these symptoms for you and should be able to provide you with a Foundation Failure Report. Only through a complete inspection of the building structure will a contractor be able to determine the cause and best repair alternative for foundation repair.

PRECONSTRUCTION PIERS

      Preconstruction piers are installed as part of the building process where questionable soils may not be sufficient to carry the load of the structure using traditional cement foundations. As shown in the image on the left, helical piers are installed prior to the pouring of the foundation footing.

      A top cap is placed on the top of the helical pier, and the concrete footing is poured directly around the top cap after it has been secured to the steel reinforcing. This effectively extends the load capacity of the foundation substantially, eliminating the possibility of foundation failure in the future. Helical piers are also suited for support on structures other than buildings, like pools for instance.

WHAT SHOULD BE EXPECTED

     Unlike many other repairs on structures, repairs on foundations require knowledge, expertise and experience to ensure a professional result. The first part of any repair is an initial investigation and some sort of Foundation Failure Report that explains the extent of the problem and the repair solutions. Specifics like changes in elevation, foundation line loads and pier spacing must be calculated to guard against further foundation failure during the repair process. Once the failure and repair options have been determined, a fixed price should be presented by the contractor. As with any product or service, price can vary from one extreme to the other. Typically, when prices do vary, it is more of an issue of quotes on different types of repairs. If this is the case, it is important to consider which method of repair is best suited for the structure and quotes be compared on an "apples to apples" bases.

     If all quotes are on the same repair, prices should not vary by much since most of the costs are on the materials themselves and labor. Experienced and talented labor is not cheap, so care should be taken when considering the lowest price contractor on major repairs to any structure. The future of the structure may depend on the talent and skills of the labor used to do the repairs and the reputation of the contractor. Unlike quotes for small or simple repairs, many foundation repair contractors will charge a fee for their on-site inspection and a Foundation Failure Report. After the piers have been installed, the contractor should supply a report containing all the hydraulic measurements and depths that the piers where installed. This is important data that should be saved during the life of the structure.